Elon Musk in conversation with Katie Miller – My Transcript – Complete Edition

Elon Musk opened up his Austin home for an interview last week, and you could see his levitating Tesla Cybertruck in the background, along with AI and Mars art. You may watch the full interview on X.

Katie Miller: Nice to see you, Elon. So I want to take us back. It’s January 20th. You are in the Roosevelt Room—if you remember this—getting sworn in, and they hand you a computer and a phone.

Elon Musk: Right.

The DOGE Origin Story & Roosevelt Room Handoff

Miller: I want to go back to what happened next. I think the story of DOGE from your perspective has never been told. What was your first thought on how DOGE was going to proceed?

Elon: Well, I guess I couldn’t believe I was there, for the most part, it’s like, it all seemed extremely surreal at the time. You know, DOGE was a made-up name… that had been made up, I don’t know, two or three months before… and… based on internet suggestions… and… I was going to call it the Government Efficiency Commission, and then… someone on the internet said, “No, it should be the Department of Government Efficiency—DOGE.” I’m like, “That sounds great.” So we just kind of made up a department.

Miller: Do you think you were successful?

DOGE Wins, Waste, Cuts, and Why He’d Never Do It Again

Elon:We’ve been a little successful—somewhat successful, at least.

We’ve cut a lot of funding for things that made no sense and were completely wasteful.

For example, there were probably $100–200 billion a year in “zombie” payments. Simply requiring a valid payment code and explanation before money goes out stopped most of them.

We pushed that change into the main Treasury system and several others.

It seems insanely obvious, but roughly 2–3% of government payments really shouldn’t be happening—and they’re surprisingly hard to kill.

Very few people ever tell the government, “Please stop sending me money.”

Miller: Would you ever do DOGE again?

Elon: Do you mean would I repeat history, or… or would I…

Miller: Two ways to think about it? One is if you could go back and start from scratch—like it’s January 20th all again. Would you go back and do it differently? And knowing what you know now, do you think there’s ever a place to restart? Not saying others in your stead—you go back and restart doing DOGE.

Elon: [Sighs] I mean, no, I don’t think so. Would I do it again? Probably not. I’m not sure.

Miller: Would you do DOGE again knowing what you know now?

Elon: I mean, the thing is, like… I think instead of doing DOGE, I… I would’ve basically built… you know, worked on my companies essentially. So… and not… and the cars, they wouldn’t have been burning the cars. 

Miller: You gave up a lot, yeah. When you cut off the money flowing to political corruption, they lash out hard. Big time.

Elon: So they really want the money to keep flowing. … so if you stop it from flowing, there’s like a very strong reaction to… to stopping the money flowing.

Miller: After you were in DC for a while, did you become disillusioned with how it operates?

Elon: Well, I wouldn’t say I was super disillusioned to begin with. I mean, the goal is always to have the government do as little as possible.

The single biggest issue is the massive transfer payments going to illegal immigrants. Essentially we’re paying people to come here from somewhere else, in huge numbers, including flying them in. You don’t need a border wall if you’re flying them in, then fast-tracking them to citizenship, making them dependent on government payments, and counting on them to vote hard left. It’s basically voter importation.

If you create a gigantic money magnet—“come to America from anywhere and we’ll pay you tons of money, give you lots of free stuff”—you’re going to get a lot of people taking you up on that offer.

People say this is fake. I point to Ilhan Omar, who was literally voted into Congress by a large Somali community in Minnesota (which is really far from Somalia), or the pattern we’ve seen with mayors and local officials elected the same way.

And then there’s California, which is the same situation, big time.

Basically, we just don’t want to turn the country into a communist hellhole.

Miller: If you’ve said in the future that no one’s going to need to worry about money or work because AI is going to take care of the rest—AI and robotics. What do you mean that people won’t have to work in the future?

Elon: Assuming the current trend of artificial intelligence and robotics continues—which seems likely—AI and robots will be able to do anything that humans want them to do, essentially. So hopefully not more than that, but AI and robotics will be able to provide all the goods and services that anyone could possibly want.

Miller: But you wouldn’t need to work—like, what would you do with your free time?

Elon: People will be able to do whatever they want with their free time. Work will be optional.

I just want to separate what I wish would happen from what I predict will happen, because people get confused about that. They think that what I predict is what I want.

What I predict to happen is not the same as what I want to happen.

If I could, I would certainly slow down AI and robotics, but I can’t. It’s advancing at a very rapid pace, whether I like it or not.

Miller: Is AI what keeps you up at night?

AI Future: Work Becomes Optional (But Elon’s Terrified)

Elon: It used to be that point… I don’t know. I… I wouldn’t say there’s anything in particular keeping me up at night right now—except that.

But if you ask if I wake up having nightmares? Oh, AI. Yeah. Actually… [laughter] I’ve had a lot of AI nightmares. I had AI nightmares many nights in a row.

What am I supposed to do about it?

Miller:  What’s your biggest irrational fear?

Elon: I try not to have irrational fears.

Elon: None.

Elon: If I find an irrational fear, I squelch it. I don’t believe… fear is… 

Fear is the mind killer. 

Miller: Well, on average, how many hours do you sleep a night?

Elon: Six. You can tell based on my X posts.

Miller: Yes, you can.

Elon: People have actually mapped them, so it’s very clear when I’m sleeping and when I’m not. I tried having less than 6 hours sleep, although I’m awake more hours per day, my cognitive function is reduced. So for my natural sleep… I actually timed it with the phone. They can get a phone app, but time it. It’s 5 hours 56 minutes. That’s what the phone said.

Miller: What’s an average day for you look like?

Elon: Well, I have a lot of inbound communication. So… it’s information triage. I try to segment the days so that there’s not too much context switching because arguably, context switching is difficult. It is hard not to context switch if you’ve got an inbox full of stuff. … but you can think like… if you had to context switch every 3 seconds or every 30 seconds or every 3 minutes, the context switching cognitive penalty would be very high. Every 3 seconds…and you’re talking about switching between, say, Tesla, X… xAI, SpaceX, and personal… SpaceX, then personal. And even within Tesla and… and SpaceX, there are many different things. I’m also getting the stuff on X—like random news things, you know, like people being burned alive and stuff like that. You’re like, what the hell’s going on in this country?

Miller: Who’s the funniest person you know in real life?

Elon: You know, President Trump is very funny. He’s got a great sense of humor.

Miller: President Trump is very funny.

Elon: He’s very funny. He’s like… naturally funny. It is somewhat… effortless. I mean… , you know, when he… had Mamdani in the office and… , they asked him if he… saw… thought the president was a fascist, and the president said, “Just say yes. It’s easier that way.”

Miller: Yeah. [Laughter]

Elon: Don’t worry about it. Just say yes. Awesome.

Miller: Who do you look up to the most?

Elon: The Creator.

Miller: What’s your current position on God?

Elon: God is the Creator.

Miller: You don’t believe in God though, do you?

Elon: Well, I believe this universe came from something. People have different labels.

Miller: When’s the last time you did something extremely ordinary, like go to Target or CVS?

Elon: I can’t go to things where there’s the general public because… , I… I’m there… there’s an immediate… “Can I have a selfie?” line that forms. And… and these days, in particular, in light of Charlie Kirk’s murder, there are serious security issues. It’s not that I don’t want to. I simply can’t. 

Miller: Has Charlie’s murder changed how you do things, or were you already locked down pretty well before that?

Elon: It certainly reinforced the severity of the situation where life is on hardcore mode. You make one mistake, and you’re dead. And it only takes one… one mistake.

Miller: What’s one moment in your life that you could live again just to feel it?

Elon: Well, I mean, obviously when my kids were born or the first time SpaceX got to orbit or Tesla made an electric car work.

Miller: You’ve had a lot of them.

Elon: It’s a lot. There’s a lot coming down the pike.

Miller: Like what?Simulation Theory & The One Rule: Keep It Interestingnetflix

Starship, Mars, and Becoming Multi-Planetary

Elon: Starship. The degree to which Starship is a revolutionary technology is not well understood. It’s the first time there’s been any rocket design where full and rapid reusability is possible. This is the first design where success is in the set of possible outcomes.

Miller: Are you talking about V3 or V2?

Elon: We could have made V2 reusable, but there were a lot of performance improvements for V3, so it made sense. There are like 10,000 different changes between V2 and V3.

“There are like 10,000 different changes between Starship V2 and V3” – Elon Musk

Elon: If there are historians in the future, they’ll look back at Starship and say it was one of the most profound things that ever happened.

Historic events fit on the evolutionary hall of fame: single-cell life, multicellular life, mitochondria, plants vs. animals, life going to land. Top 10 is life becoming multi-planetary.

It needs to be sustainably multi-planetary—planetary redundancy. Starship is capable of that for the first time in history. No AI was used to create it, so the AI will appreciate that.

Miller: Are all your companies working toward that goal?

Elon: Tesla is mostly about making sure life on Earth is good. xAI too. Multi-planetary means Earth’s got to be good and you need another planet.

People think going to Mars is an escape from Earth—like billionaires fleeing. No. Mars will be very dangerous, much less comfortable than Earth. Early settlers will have a higher risk of death. Cramped, uncomfortable. Food won’t be as good. You’ll work hard. It may not succeed. That’s the sales pitch.

Miller: Do you want to go?

Elon: Same as when people came to America.

Maybe if there had been social media back then, they would’ve said “We’re all dying” and put a damper on voyages.

Miller: You talk a lot on X about wardrobe—why does current fashion need to evolve?

Elon: My son Saxon said, “Why does everything look like it’s 2015?” And I was like, damn, it does. Stylistically, nothing has changed in a decade. The ’60s, ’70s, ’80s, ’90s all had definitive styles. 2000s and 2010s? Less and less. We should spice it up.

Show someone a picture from 2000 vs. 2025—hard to tell the difference.

Miller: What’s a conspiracy theory you believe in?

Elon: Which ones haven’t come true at this point? We’ve run out.

Elon: Aliens? No evidence. I’ve asked the SpaceX senior team—no one has seen any. UFOs are just unidentified objects—could be weapons prototypes.

Elon: Neil Armstrong—Neil A spelled backwards is Alien. Coincidence?

Miller: You believe we went to the moon?

Elon: We went to the moon a few times. We didn’t just go to the moon. We actually got a little bored and started playing golf on the moon. We literally did. Whacked a golf ball on the moon.

Miller: What’s the biggest misconception about you?

Elon: How would I know?

Miller: Everyone thinks you’re a difficult person to work for. I think you’re very kind. I’ve never heard you yell at an employee. Everyone at your companies is incredibly mission-driven.

Elon: Why would talented people work at the companies if they were mistreated? They’d leave.

Starbase: From Sandbar to Rocket City

Miller: The idea behind Starbase?

Elon: We needed something inspirational. We kind of have a lot of star things, you know. So, we got Starlink, Starship. Well, where would Starship depart from? Starbase? I mean, Starbase is, as you’ve mentioned, it’s like it’s probably the coolest place on Earth.

Miller: I agree.

Elon: …and it used to be nothing but a sandbar at the mouth of the Rio Grande, literally three feet above sea level. We built the biggest rocket factory on Earth there, plus two giant launch towers, right on the riverbank inside the Rio Grande floodplain, on that same sandbar. It had to have an inspirational name, so we called it Starbase. Then we went ahead and incorporated it as an actual legal city. You don’t see brand-new cities get born very often.

Miller: The last time there was a company town, it was Disney World.

Elon: Yeah. I think Ford had some kind of like company town situation, but yeah, Disney World is—it’s literally his name.

Miller: Yeah.

Elon: laughing I’m Walt Disney. This is my world.

Miller: Yeah.

Elon: I’ve gone from land to world. , they got incorporated as a city and got tax exemption which was like a whole big deal.

Miller: Yeah.

Elon: I’ve been to Disney World probably ten times, maybe more than ten, but at least ten.

Katie: Because Cape Canaveral is right next door.

Elon: Exactly — that’s why. Whenever we were down there with the older kids waiting for a launch out of the Cape, the second the scrub or hold was called, the only thing they wanted to do was hit Disney World or Harry Potterland. So we ended up going a lot.

Miller: What’s your favorite ride?

Elon: I’m sort of tempted to say Space Mountain, I suppose. Yeah, probably Space Mountain. I mean, I do think Space Mountain needs an upgrade.

Miller: It’s a little herky-jerky. The—it doesn’t look quite as sci-fi as it used to.

Elon: You know, it’s—it’s like it’s like the day before yesterday’s tomorrow, but just till yesterday.

Miller: What’s your favorite age to parent your kids?

Elon: Generally, kids are the most fun between age five and 10.

Katie: Do you think humanity is inherently good or is it just trying to be?

Elon: The concept of good wouldn’t even exist without humanity. I do think humanity is on balance, good. I generally believe that increasing the amount of consciousness in the universe is a good thing — trying to understand the nature of the universe, which you can only do by expanding conscious awareness.

I’ve thought about how we got here: we started as a hydrogen gas cloud that condensed into stars, those stars exploded, the debris re-condensed into new stars, exploded again, and 13.8 billion years later here we are. One fun question is: how many times have your atoms already been at the center of a star? On average it’s about three or four. And how many more times will they be? Estimates vary, but it looks like we’re roughly halfway through the total lifecycle. So measured by the number of times your atoms will sit in the core of a star, we’re about at the midpoint of existence. If you really zoom out, that’s the big picture.

Miller: What’s one invention that’s made us worse, not better?

Elon: Maybe short-form video [laughter] seems to be rotting people’s brains.

Miller: What’s one piece of technology you hope never gets invented?

Simulation Theory & The One Rule: Keep It Interesting

Elon: I hope inventions that can destroy us all never get created. Obviously I hope nobody ever engineers a virus that can kill every human — that’s the low-hanging fruit. More broadly, I hope we never invent anything that destroys consciousness itself.

I think the future’s going to look very interesting. I have this theory about predicting the future: the most interesting outcome is the most likely. If simulation theory is accurate that makes perfect sense, because if someone is running a wide range of simulated futures they’re going to stop the simulation when it gets boring; that’s exactly what we do in our reality. When SpaceX or Tesla runs simulations to understand how a car, robot, or spaceship will work, we run thousands of them on the computer. The simulations we actually pay attention to are the most interesting ones. The simulation where everything goes perfectly on the rocket? We don’t really look at that; it’s fine, but boring. We test all sorts of oddball failure modes, but we don’t waste time on the ones where the rocket just explodes instantly on the pad because that’s not interesting either. So we hunt for the envelope of flight paths where the rocket can actually make it to orbit without blowing up, we find those boundaries, and then when we launch the real rocket we do everything possible to stay inside them.

Another way to think about it: we could be an alien Netflix series. That series only gets renewed if the ratings stay high. Our one job is to keep it interesting so they don’t turn the computer off.

Miller: Are the ratings good?

Elon: Yeah.

Miller: Okay.

Elon: You can even look at it through a Darwinian lens: if you apply natural selection to simulation theory, only the most interesting simulations survive and keep running. Therefore the most interesting outcome is also the most probable one — because the alternative is instant cancellation. So really, humanity has exactly one job: keep it interesting.

Miller: Do you think social media has made people more honest or more performative?

Elon: Social media definitely makes people more performative. At the same time, it also gives us way more raw, real-life video of things that are actually happening, and anything truly interesting instantly goes viral. So we get both: tons of people doing whatever it takes for a few extra views on TikTok, Reels, or X, and at the same time real videos that directly challenge the official narrative but are undeniably authentic.

Miller: When you rolled out the country-of-origin labels on X, were there any accounts that surprised you — ones you assumed were American but turned out to be somewhere else?

Elon: I don’t obsess over it, but the feature does make it harder to fake. You can still just pick a broad region like “Asia” or “Europe,” but if every post, photo, and pattern screams one continent while the account pretends to be from another, it gets obvious fast. We’re not trying to dox anyone down to their street address — showing the continent is plenty. I think that’s fair.

Rapid-Fire Lightning Round

Miller: Yeah. Okay. So, in every episode we’ve played would you rather. Okay. Would you rather save humanity from extinction on Earth or guarantee its survival on Mars?

Miller: Would you rather save humanity from extinction on Earth or guarantee its survival on Mars?

Elon: It’s a false dichotomy. Earth is vastly better than Mars, full stop. But if we want to become a true multi-planet species (which is the only real insurance policy against extinction), Mars is literally our only viable option. It’s brutally hard, but not impossible. As Konstantin Tsiolkovsky said: Earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever.

Miller: Would you rather be a Marvel superhero or a Bond villain?

Elon: I think it would depend on which Marvel superhero or which Bond villain. I suppose I’d rather be a Marvel superhero. They did model Iron Man in the movies after me.

Miller: You were in the Iron Man movie, right?

Elon: Yes.

Miller: That’s pretty cool.

Elon: Yeah. Robert Downey Jr. and Favreau met with me and toured SpaceX and stuff. So, and in fact, Iron Man 2, a large part of the movie is filmed in SpaceX. If you look at—if you watch Iron Man 2, you’ll see it’s a SpaceX factory in the actual background.

ELON MUSK: “They did model Iron Man in the movies after me. I was in the Iron Man movie. Robert Downey Jr. met with me and toured SpaceX. Iron Man 2, large part of the movie is filmed in SpaceX. If you watch Iron Man 2, you’ll see, that’s the SpaceX factory.”

Miller: That’s so cool.

Elon: Yeah, it was cool. We had Scarlett Johansson doing martial arts in the lobby, actually. And you expect me to believe this is all real? It’s a simulation.

Miller: What are the odds?

Elon: Yeah. I mean, if you were me…

Miller: No, I agree with you.

Miller: Would you think this is real or a simulation? 

Miller: Your life is a simulation.

Elon: Yeah. And I like doing all the side quests and everything.

Miller: Yeah. What’s your best side quest?

Elon: DOGE. Probably. [Laughter]

Miller: Okay. Would you rather launch a social network with no algorithm or a rocket with no manual override?

Elon: Who came up with these questions?

Miller: Just keep going. These are funny. Maybe not to you [clears throat] ‘cuz they’re too trivial. 

Elon: What do you mean? Like, so that with an algorithm means that you basically, you only see the people you follow.

Miller: Like it’s just a mess. Like it was Twitter before you bought it.

Elon: Yeah. There is the sort of people you follow and then there’s a recommendation algorithm. I think probably in December we’ll finally have a half-decent recommendation algorithm.

Miller: It’s a lot better recently. 

Elon: So it really is just trying to show people stuff they’d be interested in, but there’s an enormous amount of AI horsepower being applied to this where Grok, poor thing, is reading it all, it’s going to read all 100 million posts per day which is…

Miller: Does that take up a lot of compute?

Elon: Hopefully it doesn’t destroy its mind or something.

Miller: Yeah.

Elon: Yeah, it does take a lot of compute. Like most, most posts are… there’s a lot of spam and scam stuff so that can be easily discarded I suppose, but then you’ve got to take 100 million pieces of content and match that to, I don’t know sometimes three or 400 million people per day. So that’s a lot of matching.

Miller: My algorithm used to look a lot like other people’s when you open their X account. Now mine is very unique compared to other people’s.

Elon: Well we really are kind of at the… This is just the beginning kind of thing. So, what I mentioned, like Grok reading everything and recommending any given thing to anyone, should go live in December. So the acid test for this is: Are you seeing content that you find really interesting from accounts you’ve never seen before? If that’s happening then the algorithm is working. Like it should be possible for somebody to post content as a new user with no followers and if that content is excellent, then it gets seen by a lot of people. 

So, can an account with a small number of followers or a new account, if the content is intrinsically excellent, can that content be seen by a lot of people? That’s our goal.

Miller: All right, last one. Would you rather invent time travel or teleportation?

Elon: Actually, those things are almost the same thing in that you can’t break the speed of light without breaking reality. And you know, if you could teleport somewhere instantly — if you’re talking about teleportation faster than the speed of light — presumably it would break our reality, as would time travel. Unless — there is a very important conditional here — unless we’re a simulation.

Time travel does not break a simulation.

People do tend to get wrapped up in knots with the time travel thing because they try to simultaneously say something must be logically consistent but logically inconsistent. That’s impossible. But if you think of it like a video game, and say, okay, you’ve got various saved games and you can go back and restore a saved game from a prior start point, you still have your other saved games and there are many games going on in parallel. They don’t have to be consistent with each other. That’s a false assumption. If we’re a simulation, we might be somebody’s video game or TV show or something like that. Like I said, we’re just going to keep it interesting so they don’t turn the computer off.

[Laughter]

What do you want? I’m just saying if that’s true, keep it interesting or they’re going to turn off the computer and they might—Please don’t delete us!

Please don’t delete us. Please don’t delete us, we’ll keep it interesting. 

Miller: You keep it interesting.

Elon: Yeah. So, if the most interesting outcome is the most likely, what do you think are the most interesting things that can occur? 

Now, the most interesting thing is not what you want. It’s just as viewed by a third party. Let’s say — this is just for argument’s sake — we were an alien Netflix series and you were trying to maximize your viewership, you know, maximize your ratings. It’s actually an interesting thought experiment. It’s not that interesting if everything just blows up. It’s over. That’s not that interesting. It’s not that interesting if there’s a calamity that wipes out all the humans. The show just ended. But I mean, fortunately and unfortunately, if there’s drama — like war or something like that — that is interesting. You know, people will go to movies and watch, say, a World War I movie where people are getting blown up from cannon shells, and they’re in the movie theater eating popcorn, drinking a soda. You wouldn’t go to a movie where everything was just perfect and stayed that way. You’d leave the theater.

Miller: Good romance story?

Elon: There’s always a story arc. There’s always an arc. , and it’s generally not a linear arc. So, it’s not going to be like things start here and just go straight up and to the right and end up in a good place for something like that. It’s usually ups and downs. The classic sort of story arcs essentially, you know, act one, act two, act three. You have an initial rise in act one, full back in act two,  back in act three with a happy ending if it’s a comedy or a sad ending if it’s a drama. If you look at President Trump’s story, it’s more interesting that he lost the intermediate term and then won his second term after that.

Miller: What are you watching on TV right now?

Elon: I am irony man. Something like that. I’m paraphrasing.

[Laughter]

Elon: What am I watching actually? Right now I’m watching Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, the TV series Turtles in a Half Shell, Total Power. Little X wants to watch that. I’m watching things that the kids want to watch. Rewatched Dodgeball last night.

Miller: It’s a good movie.

Elon: Yeah.

[Laughter]

Elon: If you can dodge a wrench, you can dodge a ball.

Miller: If you can dodge a wrench, you can dodge a ball.

Elon: What?

[Laughter]

Elon: Yeah. [Laughter] High motivation to dodge if somebody’s throwing wrenches.

Miller: What song instantly puts you in a good mood?

Elon: The Final Countdown by Europe.

[Laughter]

Miller: Heard that song a lot. Do you read the instructions or just wing it?

Elon: What’s the goal?

Miller: Like if you’re putting something together, do you read the instructions or do you wing it?

Elon: If it’s a simple thing, I’ll wing it. If it’s a complex thing, I’ll look at the instructions. 

Miller: If you had to start from scratch today with only $1,000, what would you do?

Elon: Well, I did originally come to North America with like, I don’t know, $2,500 Canadian — so maybe two grand US — one bag of books and one bag of clothes, arriving in Montreal at age 17. That’s how I started out. At this point I have a lot of knowledge. A lot of things would have to go wrong for that to happen again. It’s like… am I just emerging from prison perhaps [laughter] with a stipend? All my companies have been confiscated? I mean, it would take Armageddon — which hopefully doesn’t happen — like next-level Ragnarök… and I lost.

Katie: Yeah.

Elon: What the hell?

It’s a bad hand. I mean, it’s basically impossible for someone to have all the knowledge that I have and then be dropped down to a low-resource situation. Because the reality is that either something truly catastrophic has happened — like civilization has melted down — or I’ll just be able to ask people to give me money with the promise of a high return, which is what I’m able to do right now.

Miller: Yeah.

Elon: Like if you give me a dollar, you will get back much more than a dollar.

Miller: Yes.

Elon:  So this is kind of an impossible dichotomy, because civilization would have had to have been destroyed or something. In which case, $1,000 is not going to solve your problems. You know, you can’t do much with a [laughter] if you’re wandering around radioactive craters, and you’re in like, you know, Fallout or whatever. Then $1,000 is not going to solve anything. And if civilization hasn’t melted down, then I’d probably just talk people into giving me money—which I’ve done before.

[Laughter]

Miller: If you weren’t running your companies, what random job would you enjoy doing the most?

Miller: If you weren’t running your companies, what random job would you enjoy doing the most?

Elon: I don’t know if that’s all that random, but I’d like probably write video games or something like that. I did that at one point. I like solving problems, so I like building things. I built a lot of things. Like a lot.

Miller: What do you eat in a typical day?

Daily Routine, Sleep Hacks, and Cheeseburger Supremacy

Elon: Well, these days I start off with a breakfast of steak and eggs and coffee. And then dinner tends to vary. I usually don’t have lunch or if I do something very small. And then dinner, depending on whether it’s social or not, will vary in cuisine. I like a wide range of cuisine.

Miller: What’s your favorite food?

Elon: American food is my favorite food.

Miller: Like pizza or a cheeseburger?

Elon: Like pizza, cheeseburger… cheeseburgers. Cheeseburger is probably… if I had to say there’s only one thing you can ever have for the rest of time, which admittedly would be a bit monotonous, but it would probably be a cheeseburger! Cheeseburgers are amazing! It’s a genius invention. 

I’ll tell you a funny story about when I was living in LA and I took my older boys out for lunch to Sugarfish, which is a very  kind of uptight sushi restaurant.

In fact, it’s on the menu of the restaurant, it says, “Do not ask for soy sauce.”  because the chef has put on the right amount of soy sauce and you can’t have any more. And if the chef doesn’t think you need soy sauce, you can’t have soy sauce. That’s what it says on the menu basically.  So it is an extremely strict sushi restaurant. And so the waiter is going around asking everyone what they want. And then it comes to Saxon, and Saxon says, “I’ll have a cheeseburger.”

[Laughter]

Elon: And the waiter’s like, takes a moment for the waiter to recover because no one’s ever asked for a cheeseburger at this, you know, very strict sushi restaurant. Took him like 30 seconds to realize he has just been asked for a cheeseburger because you’re not even allowed to ask for soy sauce. So, when he finally recovered, he said, “We don’t have cheeseburgers.”

[Laughter]

Elon: And Saxon, Saxon goes at the top of his voice, “What?” Like, “What kind of restaurant doesn’t have cheeseburgers?” Then he said, “Fine, I’ll have a hamburger.”

I don’t know what you got against dairy, but…yeah, they don’t have hamburgers either.

Miller: Did he stay for the rest of the meal?

Elon: Yeah, but he was nonplused. He was like, I can’t believe this place doesn’t have cheeseburgers. I mean I like barbecue, which is good because I’m here in Austin.  I mean if it’s Haute Cuisine, I like French food as well, but not every day, just once in a while.

Miller: If your friends described you in one emoji, what’s the emoji?

Elon: I guess the emoji I use the most, which is the laughing emoji. 

Miller: All right. And we close on this question every episode. If you could host a dinner party with three people, dead or alive, who’s coming to dinner, and what are you eating?

Closing Thoughts & Dinner Party with History’s Giants

Elon: Maybe Shakespeare, Ben Franklin, Nicola Tesla. I there’s there’s actually a lot of people I’d like to I would have liked to talk to and we’ll we’ll eat, I guess, whatever they’d like. , I think if you’re going to if this is a once in a-lifetime thing, I think you’d want to have some epic, you know, 12 course meal or something like that.

Miller: at least.

Elon: Yeah. But some Yeah. You want to go all out for that dinner? I think you’re probably not going to serve cheeseburgers unless they want it.

Miller: Yeah.

Elon: Maybe one of the courses could be like a tiny cheeseburger. Those don’t taste as good as the big ones, though.

Miller: No, but they could. It’s just they don’t try. There’s nothing. You could make a tiny cheeseburger taste just as good as a big cheeseburger

Elon: if you try it.

Miller: Have you ever had a tiny cheeseburger that actually tastes good?

Elon: Rare, but yes.

Miller: Okay.

Elon: 1% of the time.

Miller: Fair.

Elon: But usually it’s too much bread and it’s dry.

Miller: Correct.

Elon: Yeah.

Miller: And then like there’s not enough meat in proportion to the bread.

Elon: Yeah.

Miller: Right.

Elon: But could you make a tiny cheeseburger that’s good? Of course. Like you’re not breaking, you’re not like getting any Nobel Prize with this. You know, [laughter] you can definitely make a tiny cheeseburger. It’s physically possible. I’m saying it’s just rare.

Miller: Thank you for doing this.

Elon: You’re welcome.

SpaceX’s Starlink Quietly Rewrites the Future of Global Farming and Your Morning Coffee May Never Taste the Same

While Wall Street buzzes with talk of a possible 2026 SpaceX IPO that could value Elon Musk’s rocket and satellite empire at $1 trillion or more, the company’s most revolutionary product is already changing lives 550 kilometers below its orbiting constellation.

Starlink, the world’s first mass-market satellite internet service built and launched entirely by SpaceX’s own Falcon 9 rockets and operated by a private fleet of over 8,000 satellites, is proving once again why Elon’s vertically integrated vision is unmatched in modern industry.

In about four years since starting commercial service, SpaceX has gone from landing rockets on drone ships to delivering gigabit-speed, low-latency internet to the most unreachable corners of the planet, places where traditional telecom giants never bothered to lay a single cable.

Elon himself has always been blunt about Starlink’s mission: it was never meant to fight Comcast or Vodafone in downtown Manhattan or Milan. “Physics doesn’t allow us to win in dense cities,” he told Indian billionaire Nikhil Kamath this year, but out where nobody else can reach, Starlink is unbeatable!

And “unbeatable” is exactly the word now being used by farmers, offshore oil platforms, Antarctic research stations, and airline passengers who, for the first time in history, enjoy better internet at 40,000 feet or in the middle of the Amazon than many suburban neighborhoods did a decade ago.

The numbers speak for themselves: more than 8 million Starlink terminals shipped, service in over 150 countries, and a growth curve that would make any Silicon Valley unicorn blush — all funded by the same company that sends astronauts to the International Space Station and is building the largest rocket in human history.

With Starship flights ramping up and analysts projecting a potential SpaceX public offering as early as next year, the same reusable rocket techn that makes Starlink launches dirt-cheap is about to make Elon’s company one of the most valuable enterprises ever created.

But perhaps the purest example of what this all means in the real world is happening right now on a quiet hillside in southeastern Brazil.

Your Coffee

At Fazenda Luciana — a specialty-coffee estate in Santo Antônio da Alegria, São Paulo state, owner João Paulo Silva de Freitas used to lose entire days because a broken harvester in a distant field couldn’t be reported until someone physically drove back to the farmhouse office.

Today, multiple Starlink minis blanket the property. Real-time video calls, soil-sensor data, drone mapping, and remote gate control are now as normal as the morning mist rolling over the coffee trees.

The result? Higher yields, fewer accidents, dramatically better security, and most importantly for coffee lovers, beans that are harvested and processed at the absolute peak of ripeness.

Fazenda Luciana grows high-quality specialty Arabica coffee, and while specific scores for their lots aren’t publicly detailed in recent reviews, Brazilian estates like this often produce beans in the 85+ range on international scales, making them among the finest available.

From orbit to your cup… only Elon’s SpaceX could make that possible.

SpaceX’s Starlink Quietly Rewrites the Future of Global Farming — and Your Morning Coffee May Never Taste the Same
SpaceX’s Starlink Quietly Rewrites the Future of Global Farming — and Your Morning Coffee May Never Taste the Same

When Elon Musk said “The Future Should Look Like the Future,” Bolivia Took It Seriously

Bolivia is a landlocked country – one of the few in the world – nestled in the Andes, where rugged terrain makes delivering healthcare to remote communities a massive challenge. Enter my favorite truck: the Cybertruck!

I’m not alone in my obsession. Friends of mine drive theirs daily, and thanks to Tesla’s generous demo-drive program I’ve been behind the wheel many times myself (still waiting for mine to arrive).

The Cybertruck is a game-changer for towing mobile clinics to underserved villages – literal lifesavers on wheels. On December 5, Universidad de Aquino Bolivia (UDABOL) unveiled a stunning fleet of twelve angular, cold-rolled-steel beasts, and the news exploded across Spanish-language media. I only found out today thanks to a post from @iliketeslas.

These dozen Cybertrucks will tow AI-equipped mobile clinics as part of UDABOL’s pioneering Misión Sanitaria Académica Internacional 2026. Huge credit goes to UDABOL president Martín Dockweiler – an undeniably cool guy – and the Teleton foundation for their long-standing partnership in pediatric and rehabilitative care. The project is fully approved by the Bolivian government and has the backing of consulates from Peru, Chile, Brazil, and Paraguay. It’s a university-led initiative that will deliver surgeries, diagnostics, and consultations to more than 200,000 patients in remote and cross-border areas.

Of course the Cybertruck obliterates traditional combustion trucks here. The electric drivetrain conquers Bolivia’s brutal terrain, the battery can charge from solar arrays or any village grid, and there’s no oil to change, no finicky engine to maintain. Regenerative braking means the brakes last practically forever. Steer-by-wire makes it ridiculously easy to drive – if I can do it, anyone can.

Each Cybertruck can supply at least 11.5 kW of power to the clinics for medical equipment and lighting. The silence is golden (I still remember the eerie quiet at a Tesla fair last Halloween when food trucks and music stages were all powered by Cybertrucks).

Congrats to UDABOL, Teleton, Martín Dockweiler, and the entire team for knowing how to rock while saving lives. Elon Musk’s tools + Bolivian ingenuity = a combo that makes me want to book a flight tomorrow. Who wouldn’t want to see Cybertrucks towing operating rooms into the jaw-dropping Andes, saving lives one stainless-steel triangle at a time?

Tesla Master Plan Part 4: A Simple Path to Sustainable Abundance

In September 2025, Tesla released Master Plan Part 4 as a short, hopeful document (available at tesla.com and as PDF). It updates Tesla’s mission from “sustainable energy” to “accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable abundance.” The plan rests on five clear guiding principles, quoted directly from the official PDF:

  1. “Growth is infinite” – progress does not require trade-offs.
  2. “Innovation removes constraints” – every big leap in history broke a supposed limit.
  3. “Technology solves tangible problems” – in energy (solar + batteries + AI), mobility (autonomous EVs), and labor (Optimus robots).
  4. “Autonomy benefits all humanity” – safety and universal access come first.
  5. “Greater access drives greater growth” – the cheaper and wider the technology spreads, the better life gets for everyone.

The heart of the plan is simple: combine Tesla’s cars, solar roofs, batteries, self-driving software, and Optimus humanoid robots so that energy, transport, and work become effectively unlimited and almost free. When boring or dangerous jobs are done by friendly robots and cars drive themselves safely, people are freed to create, learn, and enjoy life.Elon Musk has said the same in his own words:

  • “The ultimate master plan of Tesla is to create sustainable abundance for all.” (X, March 21, 2025)
  • “There will be universal high income… Sustainable abundance.” (X, August 24, 2025)
  • “Working on the Tesla Master Plan 4. It will be epic.” (X, June 17, 2024)

The super short document ends gently: “The tools we are going to develop will help us build the kind of world that we’ve always dreamed of — a world of sustainable abundance.” That is the whole plan: five principles, three real-world solutions, and one kind promise — abundance for everyone, built step by step with Tesla’s products.

Read Tesla’s 7 page PDF of Master Plan Four

Summary in pictures from Tesla.

Master Plan Part IV: Tesla is accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable abundance.

Tesla’s image depicts a shared home with a solar roof, home powerwalls, electric cars and a helpful bot watering plants.

Master Plan Part IV: Tesla is accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable abundance.

Tesla’s image depicts Optimus bots working. The setting could be industrial or food service or other.

This table summarizes Master Plan Part 4 factually from Tesla’s official website. All details and quotes are verified against the page content and Musk’s X posts.

Master Plan Part IV: Tesla is accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable abundance.

Tesla’s image depicts Bots helping with shopping bags, and helping people exit a transport van.

Tesla’s image depicts Supercharging, with electric cars other than Teslas, and it also shows a Bot helping a family by pushing a stroller.

Tesla’s image depicts industrial batteries and AI Compute

Tesla’s image depicts Semi and manufacturing at scale.

Gail’s Tesla Podcast Ep. 137: Cybertruck Tour & Robotaxi Ride with Aaron Cash in Austin

Hey Tesla FSD fans, Gail Alfar from Gail’s Tesla Podcast! Episode 137 features Aaron Cash, founder of ABetterTheater and Tesla enthusiast, showcasing his over the top Cybertruck and joining me for a Robotaxi cruise in Austin. The X video (20 minutes, pure Cyber magic) is a must-watch. This post breaks down the tech, vibes, and why this ride-along is significant. Let’s watch!

Cybertruck Tour: Rugged Innovation Unleashed

We kicked off near Five Guys Burgers in Northwest Austin—no Giga Texas lot here. Aaron walked us through his Cybertruck, its stainless steel exoskeleton wrapped in matte black. Inside: a cavernous vault bed with power outlets, adaptive air suspension smoothing bumps, and steer-by-wire making tight turns a breeze. He explains Instant camper mode, which I mistakenly thought were solar panels on top of the truck! Note: The 48V system cuts wiring by 70%, boosting efficiency. Aaron’s take—500+ mile range, 11,000-lb towing—had me sold.

Cybertruck Tour & Robotaxi Ride with Aaron Cash in Austin

Robotaxi Run: Austin Autonomy in Action

We swapped to a white Model Y Robotaxi near Planet Fitness. It glided through Northwest Austin’s evening traffic—flawless merges, pedestrian dodges. Aaron and I chatted rollout: Elon’s fleet vision, cars earning, all while the Robotaxi took on the streets of Austin during rush hour with NO problems! Bonus: Aaron geeked out on his ABetterTheater app, an easy to use hub for streaming Netflix, YouTube, and Tesla tools right from the car’s screen—check it at members.abettertheater.com for seamless in-ride entertainment.

Tech Takeaways

  • Cybertruck Power: Built tough, wired smart—perfect for anyone ready to push the limits.
  • Robotaxi Flow: Very low cost rides maximize focus, minimize stress.
  • Aaron’s Vision: Autonomy’s close, and Tesla’s leading the way!
Cybertruck Tour & Robotaxi Ride with Aaron Cash in Austin

Podcast Episode 132: Tesla Robotaxi Ride to Downtown Austin

In this episode of Gail’s Podcast, I take you along for a ride in a Tesla Robotaxi from a parking lot to the Westin Hotel in downtown Austin.

This unsupervised autonomous journey showcases the vehicle’s impressive capabilities, handling everything from sun glare to complex merges with ease.

The episode begins with locating the Robotaxi and confirming it’s driverless. As I settle in, the car greets me on the screen and we start the ride.

Navigating through traffic, the Robotaxi demonstrates seamless autonomy, merging confidently into fast-moving lanes and yielding appropriately to other vehicles and pedestrians.

One highlight is its performance in areas known for being tricky, where it outperforms what many human drivers might struggle with.

During the ride, I share real-time commentary on the experience, noting how the vehicle handles sun glare without issue and provides aerial-like views from elevated positions. The ETA is about 24 minutes, and the ride feels relaxing compared to traditional driving.

Upon arrival at the Westin, the drop-off is smooth, and I reflect on the perfection of the journey—no errors, low stress, and highly enjoyable.

The episode also includes a short interview with my daughter, Grace, who has taken numerous Robotaxi rides.

She describes it as having the kindest and safest chauffeur, always patient and yielding to others. She’s never felt afraid and advises skeptics to try it, pointing out that human error is far more concerning.

Later segments capture nighttime driving through the chaos of 6th Street, dealing with construction, potholes, and confusing intersections.

The Robotaxi navigates these challenges adeptly, even in low-light conditions where judging distances is tough for humans.

This ride reinforces my belief in the future of autonomous transportation. Tesla’s Robotaxi exceeds expectations and promises even more as it expands.

Watch the full episode on X:

Discovering the Future: Tesla Robotaxi in Action – Episode 131 Review

Living in Austin, the epicenter of Tesla’s innovations, I’ve been following the evolution of autonomous driving for some time.

If you’re into cutting-edge mobility or just curious about how robots might soon chauffeur us around, this episode is a must-watch. As someone who’s navigated Austin’s traffic daily, seeing this tech in action feels like a glimpse into a smoother, smarter future right here in our city.

What Makes Episode 131 Stand Out?

Clocking in at around 3.5 minutes, it’s a concise yet captivating video demo that showcases the Robotaxi in real-world scenarios – right here in Texas.

The episode kicks off with the Robotaxi arriving at a pickup point, and the Tesla Robotaxi pulls up smoothly to residential areas, navigating curves, and handling intersections with ease. Inside, the interface is intuitive: a large touchscreen displays navigation, estimated fares, and trip details. One highlight is the adaptive pricing – fares adjust dynamically based on demand or route efficiency, making it potentially cheaper than traditional rideshares.

Throughout the video, I demonstrate effortless features like:

  • Seamless Pickups and Drop-offs: The car arrives precisely, parks safely, and even handles changes mid-ride. In one scene, the drop-off location is updated while on a family call, showing how flexible the system is for real-life interruptions.
  • Interior Comfort: Shots of the spacious cabin include cup holders with drinks (shoutout to that pink water bottle – Austin summer essentials!), emphasizing a relaxed, hands-free experience.
  • Autonomous Navigation: The Robotaxi maneuvers through parking lots, stops at signs, and avoids obstacles without a hitch. It’s all powered by Tesla’s FSD tech, highlighting safety and precision in everyday drives.

Our city of Austin is Tesla’s playground – with Giga Texas nearby and constant FSD testing on our roads, Robotaxi will revolutionize how we get around. Imagine hailing a driverless ride to avoid I-35 traffic or zipping to South Congress for tacos without parking hassles. Gail’s demo shows fares as low as $1.35 for short trips, which could undercut Uber and make sustainable transport accessible for everyone. Plus, with adaptive pricing, peak hours might not sting as much.

Podcast Ep. 129: Quick 3-Minute Austin Ride in Robotaxi – Arrow Navigation Magic!

Hey everyone, welcome back to Gail’s Podcast! In Episode 129, I’m thrilled to share a super quick but incredibly cool 3-minute ride in Tesla’s Robotaxi right here in Austin, Texas.

This one’s all about showcasing the brand-new arrow-to-car navigation feature in the Tesla app, cruising past the iconic Congress Street Bat Bridge, and soaking in the vibes with some upbeat music.

It’s a glimpse into the future of autonomous ridesharing.

The Ride Highlights

I hopped into this Robotaxi for a short trip through downtown Austin at dusk – the perfect time to catch the city lights and that magical evening energy. The star of the show? The Tesla app’s arrow navigation system.

If you’ve ever struggled to spot your ride in a busy parking lot or on a crowded street, this feature is a game-changer. It uses augmented reality-like arrows on your phone screen to guide you straight to the vehicle, counting down the distance in real-time (from 121 feet all the way to “You’ve arrived!”). It’s intuitive, fun, and honestly feels like playing a little AR game – I was hooked!

Once inside, the Robotaxi handled everything flawlessly with Full Self-Driving (FSD). We glided smoothly through traffic, past bustling buildings and neon signs, and over the Congress Avenue Bridge – home to Austin’s famous bat colony (though no bats were out this time).

The ride was serene, with chill music playing in the background to set the mood. No driver, no fuss – just pure autonomous bliss.

We arrived at the destination in no time, and the car parked itself like a pro.

Why This Matters

Tesla’s Robotaxi is pushing the boundaries of urban mobility, and features like this arrow navigation make it more accessible and user-friendly for everyone. Whether you’re directionally challenged (like some of us!) or just want a seamless experience, it’s details like these that elevate the whole system. As a beta tester and a supporter of Elon Musk’s vision, I can’t wait to see how this evolves – imagine this scaling to cities worldwide!

Watch the Full Episode

If you’re new to the podcast, subscribe to my account on X for more Robotaxi adventures, Tesla FSD updates, and insights into the world of electric vehicles and autonomy.

Gail’s Tesla Podcast Ep 128: Alexander Kristensen in Austin from Sweden to Spill the Tea on Stockholm’s FSD Battle

Welcome to the full scoop on Episode 128 of Gail’s Tesla Podcast, where I talked with the unstoppable Alexander Kristensen. Alexander flew all the way from southern Sweden to Austin just to chat about his epic campaign to bring Tesla’s Full Self-Driving (FSD) to the streets of Stockholm. If you’re into tech revolutions, bureaucratic drama, and saving lives on the road, this one’s for you.

The Setup: From Sweden to Austin Vibes

He’s not from Stockholm (my bad on the intro slip-up – he’s from the south of Sweden), but he’s laser-focused on getting FSD approved there.

Elon Musk himself noticed his project, which is all about pushing the city to greenlight testing, validation, and eventual rollout of FSD for everyday Swedes. We dove right in, starting with his mind-blowing first ride on FSD here in the States.Alexander shared: “I came here from my friend… He picked me up from the airport. We kind of got a look at FSD for the first time. Never driven on FSD, driven on autopilot which is allowed in Europe.” His buddy punched in the hotel address, and boom – the car handled everything from airport chaos to lobby drop-off. No interventions needed. Then, the next day, Alexander hopped in the driver’s seat for some city traffic action. “I’m not… I don’t need to do anything. I’ve never driven in the U.S. before… The car just took us there so.” As someone who’s part Swedish (shoutout to my heritage!), I was geeking out. Austin’s freewheeling vibe makes FSD feel like second nature, but Sweden? Total opposite.

The Bureaucratic Buzzkill: Why Sweden’s Saying “Nej” to FSD

Here’s where it gets real. Alexander broke down the red tape holding back progress. In the U.S. (Austin), the default is “yes” – innovate first, regulate. But in Sweden, it’s “no” until you prove it’s safer than safe. Tesla applied to test FSD with a safety driver (just like our Supervised FSD here), and they got the thumbs-up from the national Transport Administration. But the local Stockholm government? Flat-out “no.” Why? It’s all politics. The current left-leaning crew – Social Democrats and the Green Party (the ones pushing EVs) – control the Traffic Board. Alexander’s plan? Rally votes for the opposition in the 2026 elections (September, mark your calendars if you’re Swedish!). Get tech-savvy folks in power who see FSD’s potential. “We gotta cast our votes on them… on the candidates that are more technical,” he said.And let’s talk safety – the real heart of this. Alexander nailed it: FSD could slash accident risks by 9-10 times compared to manual driving.

Drawing from Tesla’s data and real-world stats, it’s a game-changer. He compared it to Volvo’s 1959 invention of the three-point seatbelt, which they made standard in all cars. “FSD is the next three-point seatbelt… And like now we are saying no to the next 3 points… What is wrong with your brains with people? Come on!”

Bureaucracy gone wild is blocking life-saving tech. As Alexander put it, Sweden prioritizes traffic safety above all, so denying FSD – which is safer – is straight-up counterproductive.

First Impressions and the Future of Autonomy in Europe

Alexander’s fresh eyes on FSD were gold. Coming from a place where even basic autopilot is the max, he was blown away by how it navigated unfamiliar U.S. roads. “Some time I was like, is the car gonna do the right thing here?”

Spoiler: It did, every time.

We wrapped with me hyping his hustle: “All Swedish people are very lucky to have this guy. He is fighting for the good fight… He wants people to be safe.” Alexander shrugged off potential hate – he’s in it for the win. Elections bring drama, but hey, progress ain’t easy.

Final Thoughts: Let’s Make Autonomy Global Watch the interview here!

Episode 128 is a wake-up call for how politics and tech collide. If Sweden can flip the script, it could pave the way for Europe-wide FSD adoption, saving lives and supercharging sustainable transport. Big thanks to Alexander for the insights, and shoutouts to the crew:

@LinkN01 (great meeting you!),

@TheCaptainEli for the intro,

@RimaSukhadia on camera,

@JohnChr08117285 for the FSD demo, and

@Muskstaycalm plus the gang.This episode is under 8 minutes and pure inspiration. If you’re in Sweden, join the push! Everywhere else? Activate FSD Supervised and feel the future.

Sandy Munro and Elon Musk Interview Transcript

I hope this article finds you well and that you have a moment to absorb the awesome words of Elon Musk. Whenever I read Elon’s words, it is like getting a high voltage injection of happiness and inspiration.

The video was originally posted on X but has since been deleted, so this highlights the importance of preserving such conversations. If this interview is also removed from YouTube, it risks being lost in history. That’s why documenting the remarkable words of Elon Musk, the greatest genius of our time, is critical. I’ve documented many of Elon’s talks.

Sandy Munro: Hey, boys and girls, and all technical kind of people as well! Thanks so much for joining us. I’m here again with Mr. Elon Musk. Elon, it’s great to see you! By the way, I gotta tell you, the last time I was here, there were dirt floors. This building is absolutely amazing now—six months?!

Elon Musk: Yeah, take a look. There are some really nice touches, like that mezzanine area over there.

Elon Musk: The team can work in the office here. One of the things I like is making sure engineering and production are closely connected. That way, engineering isn’t up in some ivory tower, disconnected from the problems on the production floor. When engineering is right here, you walk out, see the production floor, and can actually see where you’ve designed something that’s difficult to manufacture. You can see the pain in the factory—where things aren’t getting made, what’s choking the production line. We have the same setup in Hawthorne for Falcon 9 and Dragon.

Sandy Munro: I was looking around in here, and I haven’t seen much going on, but I’m assuming that has to do with everything else that’s happening. I mean, you’ve got interviews every two minutes—that’s amazing!

Elon Musk: Actually, I’m only doing four interviews, and you’re one of them.

Sandy Munro: Well, you know what? I’m very, very grateful, I really am. But I’d like to get into some of the other technical stuff—your build area or whatnot is brilliant. I was asked to make comments to somebody else that’s making rocket ships, and I said, “You’re doing them sideways, why? Why aren’t you doing them vertically? You’ll never get them around.” And yet, everything here is so perfect. I mean, you didn’t get this idea from Boeing, because they make them horizontally as well.

Elon Musk: Yeah, we make Falcon 9 horizontally. I guess you can do it either way, horizontal or vertical. If it’s horizontal, you need things to keep the barrel sections round; otherwise, they just flatten out on you. But if you’re going to do the sections vertically, you need a lot of roof height. You can see how the factory progresses from a lower roof height to a medium roof height to a high roof height. So, you can really do it either way. Basically, you just need 9-meter rounding rings, which are kind of unwieldy. And we’re trying to design this with what, by rocket standards, is a high production rate.

Sandy Munro: That’s my next question, actually. What is your production rate per year?

Elon Musk: We’re aiming for 1,000 ships per year long-term. A thousand ships per year, and each one of those ships is the largest flying object ever made.

Sandy Munro: That’s pretty impressive. “Occupy Mars” You’ve got it on your shirt—gotta be okay. So, I can see how you can launch, and I can see how you might get there in a hurry. So, two questions I’ve got: One is propulsion. Are you going to be using ionic propulsion for the craft that’s actually going to head for Mars?

Elon Musk: Not currently, no. The amount we could speed up the journey with ion propulsion is very low. Ion thrusters have such low thrust, and to get that high specific impulse, you need a lot of energy. So, you’d have to unfurl massive solar panels and then stow them for entry. We don’t currently plan to use ion thrusters, but that could be a future optimization, maybe. If you want to get there faster, you’d need a higher transfer velocity from Earth. But then you’re going to need to use a lot of atmospheric braking or some amount of propulsive braking when you get to Mars. So your payload drops dramatically unless you coast all the way there, your payload drops quite a bit. Ultimately, you could see a path to turning a six-month journey into a three-month journey, but you would probably cut your payload by four.

Sandy Munro: So, the other thing is, okay, let’s say you get entry into the Martian atmosphere—or lack thereof…

Elon Musk: It’s similar to Earth at 100,000 feet. Most of the slowing down, even for Earth’s atmospheric reentry, occurs at 100,000 feet atmospheric density or above. Mars’ atmospheric density is about one percent that of Earth, but that’s actually plenty for getting to sonic velocity, maybe a little below subsonic.

Sandy Munro: So, okay, touchdown. Are you going to have thrusters to slow the craft?

Elon Musk: Oh, yes. For landing on Mars, Starship would land using thrusters with the Raptor engines, and it would land with a lot of payload. It’s different from Earth, where it’s delivering satellites to orbit and coming back much lighter. But if it’s going to Mars, it’s landing with maximum payload.

Sandy Munro: And that’s where I’m kind of like, are you going to have anything else to slow it down?

Elon Musk: Well, it’s just heat shield and thrusters.

Sandy Munro: Yeah.

Elon Musk: You do need quite a lot of propellant to slow it down because it’s coming in heavy with maximum payload. To your point earlier, the atmospheric density is only one percent that of Earth. So, you’re lucky if you can get subsonic on Mars, but you can certainly get the vast majority of the kinetic energy taken out with the atmosphere. And so, you’re going to need a lot more propellant than we need on Earth, because your terminal velocity is still going to be, you know, Mach 1-ish. And you’re heavy, so you’re going to need a lot more propellant to land.

Sandy Munro: So, how many… I’m assuming the first shot to Mars is not going to have people on it. You’re going to have to drop stuff for them and whatnot.

THE FIRST MISSIONS TO MARS ARE ALL ABOUT LANDING SAFELY

Elon Musk: The first missions to Mars are all about making sure the rocket can land safely. So, the first missions are focused on confirming that we can land without generating more craters on Mars. We want the crater count on Mars to stay constant—no new craters. As long as we don’t increment the crater count on Mars, and we feel confident that future missions are safe for people, then we would send people. You only get to do this every two years, roughly, because Earth and Mars align every 26 months for a launch window. So, you really have a small number of opportunities in our lifetime—maybe 15 or 20.

Sandy Munro: So, I was just wondering about that window. How many would you shoot up in that brief window you’ve got? Would you send four or five?

Elon Musk: Ultimately, we’ll send thousands.

Sandy Munro: No, I mean for the first one.

Elon Musk: It depends on how many rockets we have ready. The next Mars window is only 18 months from now. To send something to Mars, we still have to solve a lot of technical problems, and we’ve got to refill propellant in orbit. So, it’s going to be close as to whether we’re able to send test rockets to Mars by the end of next year. We might not make it, but we might. I’d say 50/50 right now. And we’d send, I don’t know, three to five, something like that.

Sandy Munro: That’s what I thought. I was interviewed a while ago, and I said five. That’s what I’d think—you’re going to send five up.

Elon Musk: That depends on how many we have.

HUMANITY’S PLANETARY BACKUP PLAN

Sandy Munro: I’ve got one last question, because she’s going like this [Sandy swirls his hand]. Have you got anything you’d like to tell the audience that no one has asked about yet?

Elon Musk: Well, I guess it’s worth repeating—people often ask why we’re doing this, because sometimes people are puzzled as to why we’re doing it. The reason we’re doing it is to make life, consciousness, multi-planetary, so as to preserve the future of civilization and consciousness, and to protect life as we know it. There’s always some chance of something going wrong on Earth. Overall, I am optimistic about earth, and I think if there’s even just a one percent chance of life and consciousness as we know it being annihilated on Earth, you’d want to protect against that by having a second planet to back up the biosphere and ensure the continuity of life and consciousness. This is the first time in Earth’s 4.5-billion-year history that this has been possible, so we should take advantage of this window while it’s still open. We don’t want to be complacent and assume a constant upward trajectory of civilization. Hopefully that happens, but it might not. This is about protecting the future of life itself.

Sandy Munro: As far as I’m concerned, that’s admirable. I think it’s a great idea. By the way, I like the idea of having children as well.

Elon Musk: No kids, no humans, no humanity.

Sandy Munro: Anyway, thank you again. I really appreciate it. Thank you. Good luck.

Transcript ends.

NOTE: In this third exclusive interview, Sandy and Elon Musk discuss SpaceX’s unique technical prowess, manufacturing methodology, and mission to occupy Mars.